Do you know this ????

Name	Abbreviation
3G	3rd Generation.
3GP	3rd Generation Project
3GPP	3rd Generation Partnership Project
AAC	Advanced Audio Coding
AM/FM	Amplitude/ Frequency Modulation.
AMR	Adaptive Multi-Rate Codec
ARPANET	Advanced Research Project Agency Network.
AVI	Audio Video Interleave
BMP	Bitmap
CD	Compact Disk.
CDMA	Code Divison Multiple Access
CRT	Cathode Ray Tube
DAT	Digital Audio Tape
DOC	Document (Microsoft Corporation)
DOS	Disk Operating System
DVD	Digital Versatile Disk
DVX	DivX Video
EAR	Enterprise Archive
EDGE	Enhanced Data Rate for GSM [Global System for Mobile  Communication] Evolution
GIF	Graphic Interchangeable Format
GPRS	General Packet Radio Service
GSM	Global System for Mobile Communication
GUI	Graphical User Interface
HP	Hewlett Packard
HSDPA	High Speed Downlink Packet Access
HTML	Hyper Text Markup Language
HTTP	Hyper Text Transfer Protocol
HTTPS	Hyper Text Transfer Protocol Secure
IBM	International Business Machines
IP	Internet Protocol
ISP	Internet Service Provider
JAD	Java Application Descriptor
JAR	Java Archive
JPEG	Joint Photographic ExpertGroup
M3G	Mobile 3D Graphics
M4A	MPEG-4 Audio File
MMF	Synthetic Music Mobile Application File
MP3	MPEG player lll
MP4	MPEG-4 video file
NRT	Nokia Ringtone
NTH	Nokia Theme (series 40)
PDF	Portable Document Format
PNG	Portable Network Graphics
RTS	Real Time Streaming
SIM	Subscriber Identity Module
SIS	Symbian OS Installer File System
SWF	Shock Wave Flash
TCP	Transmission Control Protocol
THM	Themes (Sony Ericsson)
UHF	Ultra High Frequency.
UMTS	Universal Mobile Telecommunication
UPS	UninterruptiblePower Supply
URL	Uniform Resource Locator
USB	Universal Serial Bus
VHF	Very High Frequency
VIRUS	Vital Information Resource Under Seized
WAP	Wireless Application Protocol
WAV	Waveform Audio
WBMP	Wireless Bitmap Image
WLAN	Wireless Local Area Network
WMA	Windows Media Audio
WML	Wireless Markup Language
WMV	Windows Media Video
XMF	Extensible Music File
XML	Extensible markup language

Benefits of the Java Collections Framework

The Java Collections Framework provides the following benefits:

• Reduces programming effort: By providing useful data structures and algorithms, the Collections Framework frees you to concentrate on the important parts of your program rather than on the low-level "plumbing" required to make it work. By facilitating interoperability among unrelated APIs, the Java Collections Framework frees you from writing adapter objects or conversion code to connect APIs.
• Increases program speed and quality: This Collections Framework provides high-performance, high-quality implementations of useful data structures and algorithms. The various implementations of each interface are interchangeable, so programs can be easily tuned by switching collection implementations. Because you're freed from the drudgery of writing your own data structures, you'll have more time to devote to improving programs' quality and performance.
• Allows interoperability among unrelated APIs: The collection interfaces are the vernacular by which APIs pass collections back and forth. If my network administration API furnishes a collection of node names and if your GUI toolkit expects a collection of column headings, our APIs will interoperate seamlessly, even though they were written independently.
• Reduces effort to learn and to use new APIs: Many APIs naturally take collections on input and furnish them as output. In the past, each such API had a small sub-API devoted to manipulating its collections. There was little consistency among these ad hoc collections sub-APIs, so you had to learn each one from scratch, and it was easy to make mistakes when using them. With the advent of standard collection interfaces, the problem went away.
• Reduces effort to design new APIs: This is the flip side of the previous advantage. Designers and implementers don't have to reinvent the wheel each time they create an API that relies on collections; instead, they can use standard collection interfaces.
• Fosters software reuse: New data structures that conform to the standard collection interfaces are by nature reusable. The same goes for new algorithms that operate on objects that implement these interfaces.

Who is Raghuram Rajan?

Raghuram Rajan, Chief Economic Advisor in the finance ministry, has been appointed as the next governor of the Reserve Bank of India, becoming the 23rd Governor of the central bank.

Born into a Tamil family in Bhopal, he is a former alumni of IIM-Ahmedabad, IIT-Delhi and MIT. He was a professor at the University of Chicago's Booth School of Business before being appointed as the youngest-ever Economic Counselor and Director of Research at the International Monetary Fund from October 2003 to December 2006. 

Spring's bean (Singleton Objects) are thread safe?

Consider we are using Singleton Object for Dependency Injection in our Service Class. 

By default, we need to make sure, 

•       the singleton object are threadsafe and 
•       it is immutable Object.

But during our coding, we are not considering any of the above points in our development. We let the spring to create the bean and simply we are using it(reference).

Does the spring has his design to take care of this threadSafe?.

At which scenario, we would need to explicitly take care of Synchronized operation?.

How To Book Rail Ticket Through SMS

 Indian Railways on Friday launched SMS-based ticketing system to tackle the rush at the booking counters. 

Indian Railways Catering and Tourism Corporation (IRCTC) launched the ticket booking which can be done through non-internet based mobile.

Government is hoping that this new system will help overcome the menace of touts who fleece unsuspecting people.

But have you tried to book the ticket by SMS? Here’s five easy ways that will help you book a ticket by using your ordinary mobile phone.

First: 

Register your mobile number with your bank. The bank will provide a mobile money Identifier (MMId) and one-time password (OTP) for authorization of payment. 

Second: 

After getting the MMid and OTP, now you can book your ticket. For booking, type an SMS with all your travel details like train number, date of journey, boarding station and destination and Class of travel, besides name, age and gender of the passenger. The SMS should be sent to 139 or 5676714. 

Third:

 On receiving the SMS, the IRCTC will send a transaction ID. The passenger has to reply to the SMS with PAY followed by the transaction ID and the bank password (OTP). 

Fourth:

This confirms booking and the ticket amount will be deducted from your bank account. 

Fifth:

On successful booking of ticket, a message will be sent to the user by IRCTC which will be sufficient as the valid travel document along with photo ID card in original. 

Please check the IRCTC link for further queries like seat availability, Schedule, time table, PNR status

NOTE: 

First: 

The SMS scheme will not be available during 8 am-12 pm for booking ARP/tatkal/general tickets.

Second: 

There will be no need for internet at any stage - booking, payment, cancellation etc. a

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IRCTC Revised Refund Rules / Cancellation Rules / Cancellation Charges

Indian Railways has recently revised the refund rules and new rules will come into effect from 01-July-2013. The existing refund rules has not been updated for pas 15 years where the ticketing system has changed substantially. Computerized Passenger Reservation has also been changed enormously for past 15 years through which more than 40% of total tickets are being booked.

Highlights of the Current Refund Rules:

1. Unreserved tickets has to be presented for cancelled within 3 hrs of the issue of the ticket. Not after 3hrs of the actual departure of the train.
2. If the unreserved ticket is issued in advance, the ticket is presented up to 2400 hours of the day preceding the day of journey. 
3. If the Reserved ticket is presented for cancellation for more than 48 hrs instead or existing 24 hrs, the cancellation charges per passenger will be flat rate of 120/- for AC 1st class/ Executive Class , Rs. 100 for AC 2-tire/First Class,Rs.90/- for AC 3-Tire/ 3 Tire economy/air-conditioned chair car and Rs.60 for Sleeper Class and Rs. 30 for 2nd Class.
4. If the Reserved ticket is presented for cancellation between 48 hrs and upto 6 hrs instead of existing 24 hours and upto 4 hours before the departure of the train, cancellation charges will be 25% of the fare subject to the minimum of cancellation charges.
5. If the ticket is presented for cancellation within 6hrs of the actual departure of the train instead for existing 4hrs and after 2 hrs of the actual departure of the train irrespective of the distance, cancellation charges will be 50% of the fare subject to a minimum of the cancellation charge.
6. No refunds will be given after 2hrs of the actual departure of the train.
7. In case, on a party ticket or a family ticket issued for travel of more than one person, some persons have confirmed reservation and others are on waiting list, full refund of fare, less clerkage, shall be admissible for confirmed passengers also provided that the entire ticket is surrendered for cancellation within six hours instead of existing 4 hours before the scheduled departure of the train and upto two hours instead of existing 3 hours after actual departure of the train”
8. For unused RAC or Waitlisted tickets , passenger has to present the ticket for cancellation within 3 hrs after the actual departure of the train irrespective of the distance. In case no current counters are available at journey originating station for night trains leaving between 21.00 hours and 06.00 hours(actual departure , refund shall be admissible at the station within first two hours after the opening of reservation office.
9. No refund will be given after 3 hrs of the actual departure of the train for unused RAC or Waitlisted tickets.
10. In case of confirmed/ RAC e-ticket ,if the reservation charts have been   prepared, Passenger has to file TDR for cancellation within 2 hrs of the actual departure of the train. No refund will be given after 2 hrs of the departure of the train.
11. No refund of fare shall be admissible on RAC e-tickets in case the request for refund is filed online after three hours of the actual departure of the train.
12. Incase of Lost, misplaced, torn or mutilated tickets, issue of new ticket will be charged Rs. 50 per passenger for Sleeper and 2nd class and Rs. 100 per passenger for all other classes instead of existing clerikage charges.
13. For refund of fare under circumstances other than those specified in these rules or under circumstances like ‘bandh’ or agitations or floods,  etc., the passengers could not reach the reservation counter or station or current counters for cancellation of tickets, in those cases, a TDR  shall be issued to the passenger and the passenger may apply for refund of fare within ten days instead existing 90 daysfrom the day of commencement of journey to the Chief Commercial Manager (Refunds) of the railway administration under whose jurisdiction the TDR issuing station comes, enclosing the original TDR. The TDR shall be issued only upto three days instead of existing 30 days after the scheduled departure of the train.

IRCTC Revised Refund Rules / IRCTC Cancellation Rules / Railway Refund Rules